The Dogs Who Forgot How to Jump
In 1967, three groups of dogs received the same shocks — but only one group learned that nothing they did mattered. The next day, when escape was one small jump away, most of them lay down and whined instead. The pain wasn't the lesson. The belief that nothing works was. And what gets learned can be unlearned.
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More Practice, Worse Learning — Sweller's Cognitive Load Paradox
In the 1980s, John Sweller discovered something embarrassing for educators: the more problems students solved themselves, the less they learned. The secret was hiding in a bottleneck called working memory.
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